Referral and Job Performance: Evidence from the Ghana Colonial Army
نویسندگان
چکیده
As formalized by Montgomery (1991), referral by employees improves e¢ ciency if the unobserved quality of a new worker is higher than that of unrefereed workers. Using data compiled from army archives, we test whether the referral system in use in the British colonial army in Ghana served to improve the unobserved quality of new recruits. We nd that it did not: referred recruits were more likely than unreferred recruits to desert or be dismissed as ine¢ cientor un t. We nd instead evidence of referee opportunism. The fact that referred recruits have better observed characteristics at the time of recruitment suggests that army recruiters may have been aware of this problem. We are grateful to the General Headquarters of the Ghana Armed Forces, Personnel and Administration and Director and Sta¤, Military Records for granting us access to records of the Gold Coast Regiment. We thank Moses Awoonor-Williams, Namawu Alhassan and Joana Acquah for excellent research assistance in Ghana. Invaluable support came from the Centre for the Study of African Economies at Oxford University, particularly Francis Teal. We thank David Killingray, who shared with us his expert knowledge on the Gold Coast Regiment. Data collection was funded by a British Academy Small Research Grant to the second author, the nancial support is gratefully acknowledged.
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